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电力大数据:2019,22(01):-
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招标采购大数据分析中的合理价格区间预测方案研究
(国网安徽省电力有限公司)
Study on a Price Forecasting Scheme for Bidding and Purchasing Materials
(State grid anhui electric power co.)
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投稿时间:2018-06-15    修订日期:2018-07-06
中文摘要: 公司在发展战略中时常会提出提升物资管理水平的任务,优化采购策略,提高物资采购的档次以及质量。然而市场环境错综复杂,涉及的变量因素人为难以把握。对于企业来说,招标采购过程中不合理中标现象的影响和危害巨大。因此事先把握合理中标价的区间值至关重要。预测合理价格区间,本文分为两个步骤:首先通过对以往所有同类招标过程数据的训练得出一个SVM模型,再依据本次招标的投标价适应模型估算出一个合理中标值。因为能采用的特征值较少,对SVM调参不能解决优化的问题。如何求取合理中标值左右两端的合理偏差值,本文比较了两种方法,第一种是将大量同类数据的预测结果与实际值对比,去噪后将最大值作为合理偏差值;第二种则利用假设性检验原则验证在合理中标值左右存在的投标个数百分比,中标价往往在这个偏移范围内。第二种方法很好地解决了投标价差距较大的情况,在假设历史中标价格均为合理中标价格的前提下,准确度能达到90%以上,并确保结果具有相当的参考价值,证明利用学习算法预测合理中标价具有较高可行性。
Abstract:In the development strategy, the company frequently raises the task of improving the level of material management, optimizes procurement strategies, and improves the level and quality of material procurement. However, the market environment is complex and the variables involved are artificially difficult to grasp. For enterprises, the unfair bid winning in the tender procurement process has great impact and harm. Therefore, it is very important to grasp the interval value of the reasonable bid price in advance. To predict a reasonable price range, the method of this paper is divided into two steps. Firstly, an SVM model is obtained by training all previous bidding process data of the same type, and then a reasonable winning value is estimated based on the tender price adaptation model of the bidding. Because we can use a smaller number of feature values, we cannot solve the optimization problem with SVM tuning. How to find the reasonable deviation value at the right and left ends of this reasonable bid-winning value, this paper has tried in two ways. The first one compares the prediction result of a large number of similar data with the actual value, and uses the maximum value as the reasonable deviation value after filtering; The second way, the use of hypothesis testing principle to verify the existence of a percentage of the number of bids around the reasonable bid value, the bid price is often within this offset number range. The second way is a better solution to the situation where the bid price gap is relatively large. Under the premise that the historical bid price is a reasonable bid price, the accuracy can reach more than 90%, and ensure that the results have considerable reference value. It can be concluded that using a learning algorithm to predict a reasonable bid price is feasible.
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